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Pesachim (פסחים)
The tractate Pesachim addresses the laws of the Jewish Passover, including the regulations for the elimination of chametz (leavened matter), the paschal sacrifice, and the conduct of the Seder.
Moed10 chapters
Ricerca e annullamento del chametz (bedikat e bittul) (Mishnah 1:1–7)
V.
Hebrew
Orthodox reading
1:1
אוֹר לְאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר, בּוֹדְקִין אֶת הֶחָמֵץ לְאוֹר הַנֵּר. כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין מַכְנִיסִין בּוֹ חָמֵץ אֵין צָרִיךְ בְּדִיקָה. וְלָמָה אָמְרוּ שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת בַּמַּרְתֵּף, מָקוֹם שֶׁמַּכְנִיסִין בּוֹ חָמֵץ. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת עַל פְּנֵי כָל הַמַּרְתֵּף. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת הַחִיצוֹנוֹת שֶׁהֵן הָעֶלְיוֹנוֹת:
At the nightfall of the fourteenth (of Nisan)ⓘ, one performs the search for leavened matterⓘ by candlelight. Any place into which leavened matterⓘ is not brought does not require inspection. For what reason did they establish two rows in the wine cellar? Because it is a place into which leavened matter is brought. Beit Shammai state: two rows across the entire front of the wine cellar. And Beit Hillel state: the two outer rows, which are the highest.
1:2
אֵין חוֹשְׁשִׁין שֶׁמָּא גָרְרָה חֻלְדָּה מִבַּיִת לְבַיִת וּמִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם, דְּאִם כֵּן, מֵחָצֵר לְחָצֵר וּמֵעִיר לְעִיר, אֵין לַדָּבָר סוֹף:
There is no reason to fear that perhaps a weasel may have dragged (leavened bread) from one house to another or from one place to another — for if that were so, (one would have to fear that it dragged it) from one courtyard to another courtyard and from one city to another city, and the matter would never have an end.
1:3
רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בּוֹדְקִין אוֹר אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר וּבְאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר שַׁחֲרִית וּבִשְׁעַת הַבִּעוּר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לֹא בָדַק אוֹר אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר, יִבְדֹּק בְּאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר. לֹא בָדַק בְּאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר, יִבְדֹּק בְּתוֹךְ הַמּוֹעֵד. לֹא בָדַק בְּתוֹךְ הַמּוֹעֵד, יִבְדֹּק לְאַחַר הַמּוֹעֵד. וּמַה שֶּׁמְּשַׁיֵּר, יַנִּיחֶנּוּ בְצִנְעָא, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא צָרִיךְ בְּדִיקָה אַחֲרָיו:
Rabbi Yehudah states: one performs the search for leavenⓘ on the night of the fourteenth (of Nisan), and on the fourteenth in the morning, and at the time of the ritual destruction of the leavenⓘ. The Sages state: one who has not performed the search on the night of the fourteenth, let him perform it on the fourteenth; one who has not performed it on the fourteenth, let him perform it during the festivalⓘ; one who has not performed it during the festival, let him perform it after the festival. As for the leaven that remains, let him set it aside in a concealed place, so that it will not be necessary to perform the search afterward.
1:4
רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אוֹכְלִין כָּל חָמֵשׁ, וְשׂוֹרְפִין בִּתְחִלַּת שֵׁשׁ. וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אוֹכְלִין כָּל אַרְבַּע, וְתוֹלִין כָּל חָמֵשׁ, וְשׂוֹרְפִין בִּתְחִלַּת שֵׁשׁ:
Rabbi Me'ir states: one may consume (the leavened) throughout the fifth (hour), and burns it at the beginning of the sixth. And Rabbi Yehudah states: one may consume throughout the fourth (hour), leaves it in suspense throughout the fifth, and burns it at the beginning of the sixth.
1:5
וְעוֹד אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, שְׁתֵּי חַלּוֹת שֶׁל תּוֹדָה פְסוּלוֹת מֻנָּחוֹת עַל גַּג הָאִצְטַבָּא. כָּל זְמַן שֶׁמֻּנָּחוֹת, כָּל הָעָם אוֹכְלִים. נִטְּלָה אַחַת, תּוֹלִין, לֹא אוֹכְלִין וְלֹא שׂוֹרְפִין. נִטְּלוּ שְׁתֵּיהֶן, הִתְחִילוּ כָל הָעָם שׂוֹרְפִין. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, חֻלִּין נֶאֱכָלִין כָּל אַרְבַּע, וּתְרוּמָה כָּל חָמֵשׁ, וְשׂוֹרְפִין בִּתְחִלַּת שֵׁשׁ:
Rabbi Yehudah further establishes: two loaves of the thanksgiving offeringⓘ, declared invalid, were placed on the roof of the porticoⓘ. As long as both remained placed there, all the people ate (the leavened bread). Once one was removed, the matter is suspendedⓘ: one neither eats nor burns. Once both were removed, all the people began to burn (the leavened bread). Rabban Gamliel (of Yavneh) states: ordinary foodⓘ may be eaten throughout the fourth hour; the priestly portionⓘ throughout the fifth; and one burns at the beginning of the sixth.
1:6
רַבִּי חֲנִינָא סְגַן הַכֹּהֲנִים אוֹמֵר, מִימֵיהֶם שֶׁל כֹּהֲנִים לֹא נִמְנְעוּ מִלִּשְׂרֹף אֶת הַבָּשָׂר שֶׁנִּטְמָא בִוְלַד הַטֻּמְאָה עִם הַבָּשָׂר שֶׁנִּטְמָא בְאַב הַטֻּמְאָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמּוֹסִיפִין טֻמְאָה עַל טֻמְאָתוֹ. הוֹסִיף רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא וְאָמַר, מִימֵיהֶם שֶׁל כֹּהֲנִים לֹא נִמְנְעוּ מִלְּהַדְלִיק אֶת הַשֶּׁמֶן שֶׁנִּפְסַל בִּטְבוּל יוֹם בְּנֵר שֶׁנִּטְמָא בִטְמֵא מֵת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמּוֹסִיפִין טֻמְאָה עַל טֻמְאָתוֹ:
Rabbi Ḥanina, prefect of the priests, states: the priests never refrained from burning flesh that had become contaminated by means of derived impurityⓘ together with flesh that had become contaminated by means of primary source of impurityⓘ, even though in so doing they were adding impurity to its impurity. Rabbi Akiva added and established: the priests never refrained from lighting oil that had become ritually unfit by means of a tevul yomⓘ in a lamp contaminated by corpse impurityⓘ, even though in so doing they were adding impurity to its impurity.
1:7
אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, מִדִּבְרֵיהֶם לָמַדְנוּ, שֶׁשּׂוֹרְפִין תְּרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה עִם הַטְּמֵאָה בְּפֶסַח. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, אֵינָהּ הִיא הַמִּדָּה. וּמוֹדִים רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, שֶׁשּׂוֹרְפִין זוֹ לְעַצְמָהּ וְזוֹ לְעַצְמָהּ. עַל מַה נֶּחֱלְקוּ, עַל הַתְּלוּיָה וְעַל הַטְּמֵאָה, שֶׁרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תִּשָּׂרֵף זוֹ לְעַצְמָהּ וְזוֹ לְעַצְמָהּ, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, שְׁתֵּיהֶן כְּאֶחָת:
Rabbi Me'ir states: "From their own words we have learned that they are burned together, on Pesach, the priestly offeringⓘ that is pure and the one that is impure."
Rabbi Yosei replied to him: "This is not the rule."
However, Rabbi Eli'ezer and Rabbi Yehoshua' agree that each is burned separately.
On what do they disagree? On the priestly offering of doubtful statusⓘ and on that which is impure: Rabbi Eli'ezer states that each is burned separately, and Rabbi Yehoshua' states that both are burned together.