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Old Testament
The Bible as the first Jewish-Christian readers heard it
Parallel text: Masoretic Hebrew · Septuagint · translation · orthodox reading
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Exodus 33 — the crisis of the Presence and the "faces" of God
Esodo 33,1-23·MT (OSHB) + LXX·21/23
v.
Hebrew (MT)
Septuagint (LXX)
Orthodox Reading
1
וידבר יהוה אל משה לך עלה מזה אתה והעם אשר העלית מארץ מצרים אל הארץ אשר נשבעתי לאברהם ליצחק וליעקב לאמר לזרעך אתננה
Καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν Πορεύου ἀνάβηθι ἐντεῦθεν σὺ καὶ ὁ λαός σου, οὓς ἐξήγαγες ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου, εἰς τὴν γῆν, ἣν ὤμοσα τῷ Αβρααμ καὶ Ισαακ καὶ Ιακωβ λέγων Τῷ σπέρματι ὑμῶν δώσω αὐτήν.
And the Tetragrammaton spokeⓘ to Moshè: «Go, go up from here, you and the people whom you brought up from the land of Mitzràyimⓘ, to the land that I swore to Avrahàm, to Yitzchàq, and to Yaaqòv, saying: To your seedⓘ I will give it.
2
ושלחתי לפניך מלאך וגרשתי את הכנעני האמרי והחתי והפרזי החוי והיבוסי
καὶ συναποστελῶ τὸν ἄγγελόν μου πρὸ προσώπου σου, καὶ ἐκβαλεῖ τὸν Αμορραῖον καὶ Χετταῖον καὶ Φερεζαῖον καὶ Γεργεσαῖον καὶ Ευαῖον καὶ Ιεβουσαῖον.
—— Septuagint (LXX) ——And I will send together my messengerⓘ before your face, and he will drive out the Emoriteⓘ, and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Ghirgashiteⓘ and the Ivvite and the Yevusite.—— Masoretic (MT) ——And I will send before you a messengerⓘ, and he will drive out the Kenaanite, the Emorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Ivviteⓘ and the Yevusite.
3
אל ארץ זבת חלב ודבש כי לא אעלה בקרבך כי עם קשה ערף אתה פן אכלך בדרך
καὶ εἰσάξω σε εἰς γῆν ῥέουσαν γάλα καὶ μέλι· οὐ γὰρ μὴ συναναβῶ μετὰ σοῦ διὰ τὸ λαὸν σκληροτράχηλόν σε εἶναι, ἵνα μὴ ἐξαναλώσω σε ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ.
—— Septuagint (LXX) ——And I will bring you into a landⓘ flowing with milk and honey; for I will not go up with youⓘ, because you are a people of stiff neckⓘ, lest I consume you utterly on the way».—— Masoretic (MT) ——To a land flowingⓘ with milk and honey; but I will not go up in your midstⓘ, for you are a people of stiff neckⓘ, lest I consume you on the way».
4
וישמע העם את הדבר הרע הזה ויתאבלו ולא שתו איש עדיו עליו
καὶ ἀκούσας ὁ λαὸς τὸ ῥῆμα τὸ πονηρὸν τοῦτο κατεπένθησαν ἐν πενθικοῖς.
—— Septuagint (LXX) ——And when the people heard this evilⓘ word, they made great mourning in garments of mourningⓘ.—— Masoretic (MT) ——And the people heard this evil word, and they mournedⓘ, and no one put on himself his ornamentsⓘ.
5
ויאמר יהוה אל משה אמר אל בני ישראל אתם עם קשה ערף רגע אחד אעלה בקרבך וכליתיך ועתה הורד עדיך מעליך ואדעה מה אעשה לך
καὶ εἶπεν κύριος τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ Ὑμεῖς λαὸς σκληροτράχηλος· ὁρᾶτε μὴ πληγὴν ἄλλην ἐπάξω ἐγὼ ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς καὶ ἐξαναλώσω ὑμᾶς· νῦν οὖν ἀφέλεσθε τὰς στολὰς τῶν δοξῶν ὑμῶν καὶ τὸν κόσμον, καὶ δείξω σοι ἃ ποιήσω σοι.
—— Septuagint (LXX) ——And the Tetragrammaton said to the children of Israèlⓘ: «You are a people of stiff neck; take heed that I bring not upon you another plagueⓘ and consume you utterly. Now therefore put off the garments of your glories and the ornamentⓘ, and I will show you what I will do to you».—— Masoretic (MT) ——And the Tetragrammaton said to Moshèⓘ: «Say to the children of Israèl: You are a people of stiff neck; one single moment I went up in your midst, I would consume youⓘ. And now put off your ornaments from you, and I will know what to do to you».
6
ויתנצלו בני ישראל את עדים מהר חורב
καὶ περιείλαντο οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ τὸν κόσμον αὐτῶν καὶ τὴν περιστολὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄρους τοῦ Χωρηβ.
—— Septuagint (LXX) ——And the children of Israèl took off their ornament and the garmentⓘ, from Mount Chorèv onward.—— Masoretic (MT) ——And the children of Israèl stripped themselves of their ornamentsⓘ, from Mount Chorèv onward.
7
ומשה יקח את האהל ונטה לו מחוץ למחנה הרחק מן המחנה וקרא לו אהל מועד והיה כל מבקש יהוה יצא אל אהל מועד אשר מחוץ למחנה
Καὶ λαβὼν Μωϋσῆς τὴν σκηνὴν αὐτοῦ ἔπηξεν ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς μακρὰν ἀπὸ τῆς παρεμβολῆς, καὶ ἐκλήθη σκηνὴ μαρτυρίου· καὶ ἐγένετο πᾶς ὁ ζητῶν κύριον ἐξεπορεύετο εἰς τὴν σκηνὴν ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς.
And Moshè would take the Tent and pitch itⓘ for himself outside the camp, far from the camp, and he would call it Tent of meetingⓘ: and it came to pass that whoever sought the Tetragrammatonⓘ would go out to the Tent of meeting outside the camp.
8
והיה כצאת משה אל האהל יקומו כל העם ונצבו איש פתח אהלו והביטו אחרי משה עד באו האהלה
ἡνίκα δ’ ἂν εἰσεπορεύετο Μωϋσῆς εἰς τὴν σκηνὴν ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς, εἱστήκει πᾶς ὁ λαὸς σκοπεύοντες ἕκαστος παρὰ τὰς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς αὐτοῦ καὶ κατενοοῦσαν ἀπιόντος Μωυσῆ ἕως τοῦ εἰσελθεῖν αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν σκηνήν.
And it came to pass, when Moshè went out to the Tent, that all the people rose up, and stood each at the entrance of his tent, and looked afterⓘ Moshè until he entered the Tent.
9
והיה כבא משה האהלה ירד עמוד הענן ועמד פתח האהל ודבר עם משה
ὡς δ’ ἂν εἰσῆλθεν Μωϋσῆς εἰς τὴν σκηνήν, κατέβαινεν ὁ στῦλος τῆς νεφέλης καὶ ἵστατο ἐπὶ τὴν θύραν τῆς σκηνῆς, καὶ ἐλάλει Μωυσῇ·
And it came to pass, when Moshè entered the Tent, that the pillar of cloud descended and stood at the entrance of the Tent, and he spokeⓘ with Moshè.
10
וראה כל העם את עמוד הענן עמד פתח האהל וקם כל העם והשתחוו איש פתח אהלו
καὶ ἑώρα πᾶς ὁ λαὸς τὸν στῦλον τῆς νεφέλης ἑστῶτα ἐπὶ τῆς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς, καὶ στάντες πᾶς ὁ λαὸς προσεκύνησαν ἕκαστος ἀπὸ τῆς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς αὐτοῦ.
And all the people saw the pillar of cloud standing at the entrance of the Tent, and all the people rose up and bowed downⓘ, each at the entrance of his tent.
11
ודבר יהוה אל משה פנים אל פנים כאשר ידבר איש אל רעהו ושב אל המחנה ומשרתו יהושע בן נון נער לא ימיש מתוך האהל
καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν ἐνώπιος ἐνωπίῳ, ὡς εἴ τις λαλήσει πρὸς τὸν ἑαυτοῦ φίλον. καὶ ἀπελύετο εἰς τὴν παρεμβολήν, ὁ δὲ θεράπων Ἰησοῦς υἱὸς Ναυη νέος οὐκ ἐξεπορεύετο ἐκ τῆς σκηνῆς.
And the Tetragrammaton spokeⓘ to Moshè face to faceⓘ, as a man speaks to his companionⓘ. And he would return to the camp; but his servant Yehoshùa son of Nunⓘ, a young man, did not depart from within the Tent.
12
ויאמר משה אל יהוה ראה אתה אמר אלי העל את העם הזה ואתה לא הודעתני את אשר תשלח עמי ואתה אמרת ידעתיך בשם וגם מצאת חן בעיני
Καὶ εἶπεν Μωϋσῆς πρὸς κύριον Ἰδοὺ σύ μοι λέγεις Ἀνάγαγε τὸν λαὸν τοῦτον· σὺ δὲ οὐκ ἐδήλωσάς μοι ὃν συναποστελεῖς μετ’ ἐμοῦ· σὺ δέ μοι εἶπας Οἶδά σε παρὰ πάντας, καὶ χάριν ἔχεις παρ’ ἐμοί.
—— Septuagint (LXX) ——And Moshè said to the Tetragrammaton: «Behold, you say to me: Bring up this people; but you have not shown me whom you will send togetherⓘ with me; and you have said to me: I know you above allⓘ, and you have grace with me.—— Masoretic (MT) ——And Moshè said to the Tetragrammaton: «See, you say to me: Bring up this people; and you have not made me know whom you will sendⓘ with me; and you have said: I know you by nameⓘ, and you have also found grace in my eyes.
13
ועתה אם נא מצאתי חן בעיניך הודעני נא את דרכך ואדעך למען אמצא חן בעיניך וראה כי עמך הגוי הזה
εἰ οὖν εὕρηκα χάριν ἐναντίον σου, ἐμφάνισόν μοι σεαυτόν· γνωστῶς ἴδω σε, ὅπως ἂν ὦ εὑρηκὼς χάριν ἐναντίον σου, καὶ ἵνα γνῶ ὅτι λαός σου τὸ ἔθνος τὸ μέγα τοῦτο.
—— Septuagint (LXX) ——If then I have found grace before you, reveal yourself to meⓘ: that I may know you with knowledge, that I may be one who has found grace before you, and that I may know that this great nationⓘ is your people».—— Masoretic (MT) ——And now, if I have found grace in your eyes, make me know, I pray you, your wayⓘ, that I may know you, so that I may find grace in your eyes; and see that this nationⓘ is your people».
14
ויאמר פני ילכו והנחתי לך
καὶ λέγει Αὐτὸς προπορεύσομαί σου καὶ καταπαύσω σε.
—— Septuagint (LXX) ——And he says: «I myself will go before youⓘ, and I will give you restⓘ».—— Masoretic (MT) ——And he said: «My facesⓘ will go, and I will give you restⓘ».
15
ויאמר אליו אם אין פניך הלכים אל תעלנו מזה
καὶ λέγει πρὸς αὐτόν Εἰ μὴ αὐτὸς σὺ πορεύῃ, μή με ἀναγάγῃς ἐντεῦθεν·
—— Septuagint (LXX) ——And he says to him: «If you yourself do not goⓘ, do not bring me up from here.—— Masoretic (MT) ——And he said to him: «If your facesⓘ do not go, do not bring us up from here.
16
ובמה יודע אפוא כי מצאתי חן בעיניך אני ועמך הלוא בלכתך עמנו ונפלינו אני ועמך מכל העם אשר על פני האדמה
καὶ πῶς γνωστὸν ἔσται ἀληθῶς ὅτι εὕρηκα χάριν παρὰ σοί, ἐγώ τε καὶ ὁ λαός σου, ἀλλ’ ἢ συμπορευομένου σου μεθ’ ἡμῶν; καὶ ἐνδοξασθήσομαι ἐγώ τε καὶ ὁ λαός σου παρὰ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, ὅσα ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἐστιν.
—— Septuagint (LXX) ——And how shall it truly be known that I have found grace with you, I and your people, except by your walking together with us? Thus I shall be glorifiedⓘ, I and your people, above all the nations as many as are upon the earth».—— Masoretic (MT) ——And by what, then, shall it be known that I have found grace in your eyes, I and your people? Is it not by your walking with us? Thus we shall be distinguishedⓘ, I and your people, from every people that is upon the face of the earth».
17
ויאמר יהוה אל משה גם את הדבר הזה אשר דברת אעשה כי מצאת חן בעיני ואדעך בשם
καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν Καὶ τοῦτόν σοι τὸν λόγον, ὃν εἴρηκας, ποιήσω· εὕρηκας γὰρ χάριν ἐνώπιόν μου, καὶ οἶδά σε παρὰ πάντας.
—— Septuagint (LXX) ——And the Tetragrammaton said to Moshè: «This word also that you have spoken I will do, for you have found grace before me and I know you above allⓘ».—— Masoretic (MT) ——And the Tetragrammaton said to Moshè: «This word also that you have spoken I will do, for you have found grace in my eyes and I know you by nameⓘ».
18
ויאמר הראני נא את כבדך
καὶ λέγει Δεῖξόν μοι τὴν σεαυτοῦ δόξαν.
And he said: «Show me, I pray you, your kavòdⓘ».
19
ויאמר אני אעביר כל טובי על פניך וקראתי בשם יהוה לפניך וחנתי את אשר אחן ורחמתי את אשר ארחם
καὶ εἶπεν Ἐγὼ παρελεύσομαι πρότερός σου τῇ δόξῃ μου καὶ καλέσω ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου Κύριος ἐναντίον σου· καὶ ἐλεήσω ὃν ἂν ἐλεῶ, καὶ οἰκτιρήσω ὃν ἂν οἰκτίρω.
—— Septuagint (LXX) ——And he said: «I will pass before you in my gloryⓘ, and I will call upon my name: Tetragrammatonⓘ before you; and I will show mercy to whom I will show mercyⓘ, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion».—— Masoretic (MT) ——And he said: «I will make all my goodnessⓘ pass before you, and I will cry the Name of the Tetragrammaton before youⓘ: and I will show grace to whom I will show graceⓘ, and I will have pity on whom I will have pity».
20
ויאמר לא תוכל לראת את פני כי לא יראני האדם וחי
καὶ εἶπεν Οὐ δυνήσῃ ἰδεῖν μου τὸ πρόσωπον· οὐ γὰρ μὴ ἴδῃ ἄνθρωπος τὸ πρόσωπόν μου καὶ ζήσεται.
And he said: «You cannot see my facesⓘ, for manⓘ shall not see me and live».
21
ויאמר יהוה הנה מקום אתי ונצבת על הצור
καὶ εἶπεν κύριος Ἰδοὺ τόπος παρ’ ἐμοί, στήσῃ ἐπὶ τῆς πέτρας·
And the Tetragrammaton said: «Behold, a place beside meⓘ: you shall stand upon the rock.
22
והיה בעבר כבדי ושמתיך בנקרת הצור ושכתי כפי עליך עד עברי
ἡνίκα δ’ ἂν παρέλθῃ μου ἡ δόξα, καὶ θήσω σε εἰς ὀπὴν τῆς πέτρας καὶ σκεπάσω τῇ χειρί μου ἐπὶ σέ, ἕως ἂν παρέλθω·
And it shall come to pass, when my kavòdⓘ passes by, that I will put you in the cleftⓘ of the rock, and I will cover you with my palmⓘ until I have passed by;
23
והסרתי את כפי וראית את אחרי ופני לא יראו
καὶ ἀφελῶ τὴν χεῖρα, καὶ τότε ὄψῃ τὰ ὀπίσω μου, τὸ δὲ πρόσωπόν μου οὐκ ὀφθήσεταί σοι.
and I will take away my palm, and you shall see what is behind meⓘ, but my facesⓘ shall not be seen».